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研究：尼安德特人的基因组序列显示出密切的家庭关系_我的网站

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    Conceptual diagram of AI Photo: VCG
Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) technology companies are gaining a growing foothold among international users, with their models topping rankings on some leading industry platforms, ahead of their US counterparts.
Chinese AI companies, with their open-source strategies and cost effectiveness, are gaining growing adoption among overseas developers despite the continued US restrictions on China's access to advanced chips and AI technologies, a Chinese veteran industry analyst said, noting that global AI competition should be about innovation capabilities and the ability to build attractive ecosystems, rather than about who can erect higher technological barriers.
The latest weekly large-language model (LLM) rankings from AI model aggregation platform OpenRouter showed that models developed by Chinese companies swept the top four spots and took six of the top 10, the Global Times noted on the platform on Tuesday. DeepSeek V4 Flash 0731 topped the ranking with 9.39 trillion tokens in usage, followed closely by Tencent's Hy3 with 8.94 trillion.
From August 3 to Sunday, Chinese AI models recorded 34.25 trillion tokens in usage, up 21.76 percent from the previous week, while US AI models, although up 109.36 percent, only recorded 9.17 trillion tokens, about three times less than that of Chinese models.
Another DeepSeek model, V4 Flash 0423, came in third, followed by Xiaomi's MiMo-V2.5 in fourth place. Zhipu AI's GLM 5.2 and DeepSeek V4 Pro also made the top 10.
Notably, usage of the top-ranked DeepSeek V4 Flash 0731 surged 302 percent over the week. The rankings are based on actual model usage on OpenRouter, highlighting the growing adoption of Chinese AI models among global developers and their strong presence on the platform, Xiang Ligang, director-general of the Zhongguancun Modern Information Consumer Application Industry Technology Alliance, told the Global Times on Tuesday.
Meanwhile, the latest trending rankings on Hugging Face, the world's largest open-source AI community, also highlighted the growing influence of Chinese AI models among global developers. As of Tuesday, four of the top five models on the platform's Trending Models list were linked to Chinese AI companies, with MiniMax's newly released full modality model MiniMax H3 topping the ranking.
One key reason Chinese AI models are gaining popularity is their combination of strong performance, lower costs and greater openness, Chinese experts said.
"Companies such as DeepSeek, MiniMax and Zhipu AI have released open-weight models that developers can download, customize and use to build their own applications. Many Chinese models also come with relatively low API and inference costs, making them more affordable for start-ups and smaller businesses," Xiang said.
According to UBS estimates cited by media reports, leading Chinese AI models cost about one-tenth as much to train as comparable overseas models, while their API prices are typically only 10 percent to 20 percent of those of foreign alternatives.
"China's strong industrial foundation in power supply, computing infrastructure and data center development also provides solid support for the large-scale deployment of AI," said Xiang.
In contrast to many large US AI companies that primarily offer their flagship models through closed platforms and application programming interfaces, China's are gaining traction among global developers with its open model approach, Ma Jihua, a veteran industry analyst, told the Global Times on Tuesday.
The open model approach allows a much broader range of developers, including smaller players, to participate in AI development rather than leaving advanced AI capabilities concentrated in the hands of a few large companies, said Ma. As more developers build on these models, they can create new tools and applications, further expanding the ecosystem around Chinese AI models, Ma added.
China's recently released Action Plan for Global AI Governance explicitly encourages the joint development of international open-source AI communities, greater international exchanges and cooperation among open-source communities, and the sharing of general purpose large models, foundational algorithms and software tools.
Recently, the US government has ramped up its unilateral moves targeting China's AI-related sector, including a plan to ban cutting-edge Chinese AI models, US media outlets have reported.
The growing influence of Chinese AI models shows that technological blockades cannot hold back innovation and industrial development, Ma said, noting that such restrictions could instead backfire by raising costs for US companies and limiting their access to competitive technologies and global AI cooperation.
Chinese AI models are already seeing growing adoption among US businesses. Chinese AI models now consistently account for more than 30 percent of weekly token usage by US companies, with the share peaking at 46 percent, the People's Daily reported, citing data from a third party industry platform.
The US should view the development of China's AI industry objectively, and avoid politicizing or overstretching the concept of national security in normal technological and industrial competition, Ma said. 
"After all, global AI competition should ultimately be about innovation and the ability to build attractive ecosystems, rather than about who can erect higher technological barriers," Ma noted.
。    尼安德特人是已经灭绝的人类亲属，他们一直生活到大约4万年前，在欧亚大陆的大部分地区居住，并与现代人和其他人类如丹尼索瓦人相遇和交融。

二 | 关于他们作为一个物种如何生活的证据正在积累，但新的研究深入到一个个体社区。由马克斯-普朗克进化人类学研究所领导的一个研究小组检查了一小群10到20个尼安德特人，他们生活在西伯利亚的Chagyrskaya和Okladnikov洞穴中，距今约54000年。该小组从17具遗骸中提取了DNA，并对其基因组进行了测序。

三 | 结果发现，这些遗骸来自13个尼安德特人，包括7名男性和6名女性，其中8个是成年人，5个是儿童或青少年。基因组显示，这群人关系密切，似乎在同一时期生活和死亡。

四 | 该研究的第一作者Laurits Skov说：“他们在同一时间生活的事实是非常令人兴奋的。这意味着他们可能来自同一个社会社区。

五 | 因此，我们第一次可以利用遗传学来研究尼安德特人社区的社会组织。”在这群人中，研究小组确定了一个十几岁的女性尼安德特人和她的父亲，以及一个小男孩和一个成年女性，后者是他的旁系亲属，像表妹、姨妈等。

六 | 研究小组还在这些个体的线粒体DNA中发现了共同的异质体--只持续几代的遗传变体，进一步表明了密切的关系。研究小组说，社区之间的遗传多样性极低，表明是一个最多20人的小群体。耐人寻味的是，线粒体DNA的遗传多样性要比Y染色体的多样性高得多--线粒体DNA是专门从一个人的母亲那里继承的--Y染色体是由父亲传给儿子的。这表明，是女性在社区之间移动以与男性伴侣在一起。最近对尼安德特人遗传学的其他研究揭示了对杂交程度、第一代尼安德特人/丹尼索瓦人混血儿以及克罗地亚的一个群体的深入了解，该群体可能是他们灭绝前最后幸存的人群之一。

七 | 这项新的研究有助于从一个更有亲和力的角度来描绘尼安德特人。这项研究的最后一位作者Benjamin Peter说：“我们的研究提供了一幅尼安德特人社区可能是什么样子的具体画面。在我看来，它使尼安德特人看起来更像人类。

八 | ”这项研究发表在《自然》杂志上。

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